Glossary entry

Latin term or phrase:

sigmatic aorist

English translation:

= Ancient Greek grammar term (forms have cognates in other Indo-European languages)

Added to glossary by Stephen C. Farrand
Sep 6, 2008 23:49
15 yrs ago
1 viewer *
Latin term

sigmatic aorist

Latin to English Art/Literary Linguistics
Not really a translation issue. I'm trying to figure out what the above phrase means. It's taken from Woodcock's 'A New Latin Syntax'. The context: "In early Latin the commonest form is the sigmatic aorist (faxim, servassim, etc) which refers to the future." Example from Plautus: 'di te servassint semper' - 'may the Gods always preserve you'
Proposed translations (English)
4 +2 = Indo-European linguistics term
Change log

Sep 7, 2008 14:25: Stephen C. Farrand Created KOG entry

Proposed translations

+2
2 hrs
Selected

= Indo-European linguistics term

Since I don't have Woodcock at hand, I'm not completely clear on the context. But sigmatic aorist is a term of ancient Greek grammar that has parallels in other I-E languages, e.g. Old Church Slavonic, Sanskrit, Old Irish.

Greek verbs in general have three stems: present, aorist and perfect. Each of these categories is aspectual--they describe the performance of the action apart from time. Present stem signifies a beginning and process for the action; aorist signifies the action, pure and simple; perfect stresses the completion of the action (and relevance of its consequences).

One way of producing the aorist is to add an -s- (sigma) to the strong or lengthened grade of the verb stem. So Greek λύω ('I am letting loose', present, with long upsilon) has sigmatic aorist ἔλυσα ('I let loose', also long upsilon); δεικνυμι 'I am showing' has sigmatic aorist ἔδειξα 'I showed'. Coming back to Latin, faxo is found in Early Latin as the future of facio (= Classical Latin faciam). Faxim would be the subjunctive from this stem--a subjunctive from the sigmatic aorist stem.

Preservation of these forms in Classical Latin makes examples such as Cicero's di faxint (Fam. xiv 3.3) and the examples from Woodcock easier to understand--they aren't 'perfect subjunctives', rather surviving present subjunctives from the aorist stem. Hope this helps!
Peer comment(s):

agree Maria Ferstl : If I remember correctly, "ausim" (instead of "audeam") is another example
6 hrs
Quite right! Gratias tibi ago!
agree Olga Cartlidge : aorist signifies an action in the past - pure and simple - e.g. eidon kai ethaumasa ( I saw it and was filled with admiration) - Herodotus.
17 hrs
Aorist indicative, generally, yes. But note so-called empiric and gnomic aorists, which express universals and are grammatically primary tenses. Aorist participles have no intrinsic relation to past time, e.g. King Leonidas's μολὼν λαβέ!
Something went wrong...
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer. Comment: "Thanks! Woodcock knows his stuff, but sometimes he explains things that are blindingly obvious and at other time drops phrases like this without any form of explanation..."
Term search
  • All of ProZ.com
  • Term search
  • Jobs
  • Forums
  • Multiple search